NEONATAL PERIOD (1ST 4 WK) |
Prone: |
Lies in flexed attitude; turns head from side to side; head sags on ventral suspension |
Supine: |
Generally flexed and a little stiff |
Visual: |
May fixate face on light in line of vision;“doll's-eye” movement of eyes on turning of the body |
Reflex: |
Moro response active; stepping and placing reflexes; grasp reflex active |
Social: |
Visual preference for human face |
AT 1 MO |
Prone: |
Legs more extended; holds chin up; turns head; head lifted momentarily to plane of body on ventral suspension |
Supine: |
Tonic neck posture predominates; supple and relaxed; head lags when pulled to sitting position |
Visual: |
Watches person; follows moving object |
Social: |
Body movements in cadence with voice of other in social contact; beginning to smile |
AT 2 MO |
Prone: |
Raises head slightly farther; head sustained in plane of body on ventral suspension |
Supine: |
Tonic neck posture predominates; head lags when pulled to sitting position |
Visual: |
Follows moving object 180 degrees |
Social: |
Smiles on social contact; listens to voice and coos |
AT 3 MO |
Prone: |
Lifts head and chest with arms extended; head above plane of body on ventral suspension |
Supine: |
Tonic neck posture predominates; reaches toward and misses objects; waves at toy |
Sitting: |
Head lag partially compensated when pulled to sitting position; early head control with bobbing motion; back rounded |
Reflex: |
Typical Moro response has not persisted; makes defensive movements or selective withdrawal reactions |
Social: |
Sustained social contact; listens to music; says “aah, ngah” |
AT 4 MO |
Prone: |
Lifts head and chest, with head in approximately vertical axis; legs extended |
Supine: |
Symmetric posture predominates, hands in midline; reaches and grasps objects and brings them to mouth |
Sitting: |
No head lag when pulled to sitting position; head steady, tipped forward; enjoys sitting with full truncal support |
Standing: |
When held erect, pushes with feet |
Adaptive: |
Sees pellet, but makes no move to reach for it |
Social: |
Laughs out loud; may show displeasure if social contact is broken; excited at sight of food |
AT 7 MO |
Prone: |
Rolls over; pivots;crawls or creep-crawls (Knobloch) |
Supine: |
Lifts head; rolls over; squirms |
Sitting: |
Sits briefly, with support of pelvis; leans forward on hands; back rounded |
Standing: |
May support most of weight; bounces actively |
Adaptive: |
Reaches out for and grasps large object; transfers objects from hand to hand; grasp uses radial palm; rakes at pellet |
Language: |
Forms polysyllabic vowel sounds |
Social: |
Prefers mother; babbles;enjoys mirror; responds to changes in emotional content of social contact |
AT 10 MO |
Sitting: |
Sits up alone and indefinitely without support, with back straight |
Standing: |
Pulls to standing position;“cruises” or walks holding on to furniture |
Motor: |
Creeps or crawls |
Adaptive: |
Grasps objects with thumb and forefinger; pokes at things with forefinger; picks up pellet with assisted pincer movement; uncovers hidden toy; attempts to retrieve dropped object; releases object grasped by other person |
Language: |
Repetitive consonant sounds (“mama,” “dada”) |
Social: |
Responds to sound of name; plays peek-a-boo or pat-a-cake;waves bye-bye |
AT 1 YR |
Motor: |
Walks with one hand held (48 wk); rises independently, takes several steps (Knobloch) |
Adaptive: |
Picks up pellet with unassisted pincer movement of forefinger and thumb; releases object to other person on request or gesture |
Language: |
Says a few words besides “mama,” “dada” |
Social: |
Plays simple ball game; makes postural adjustment to dressing |
15 MO |
Motor: |
Walks alone; crawls up stairs |
Adaptive: |
Makes tower of 3 cubes; makes a line with crayon; inserts raisin in bottle |
Language: |
Jargon;follows simple commands; may name a familiar object (e.g., ball) |
Social: |
Indicates some desires or needs by pointing; hugs parents |
18 MO |
Motor: |
Runs stiffly; sits on small chair; walks up stairs with one hand held; explores drawers and wastebaskets |
Adaptive: |
Makes tower of 4 cubes; imitates scribbling; imitates vertical stroke; dumps raisin from bottle |
Language: |
10 words (average); names pictures; identifies one or more parts of body |
Social: |
Feeds self; seeks help when in trouble; may complain when wet or soiled; kisses parent with pucker |
24 MO |
Motor: |
Runs well, walks up and down stairs, one step at a time; opens doors; climbs on furniture; jumps |
Adaptive: |
Makes tower of 7 cubes (6 at 21 mo); scribbles in circular pattern; imitates horizontal stroke; folds paper once imitatively |
Language: |
Puts 3 words together (subject, verb, object) |
Social: |
Handles spoon well; often tells about immediate experiences; helps to undress; listens to stories when shown pictures |
30 MO |
Motor: |
Goes up stairs alternating feet |
Adaptive: |
Makes tower of 9 cubes; makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make cross; imitates circular stroke, forming closed figure |
Language: |
Refers to self by pronoun “I”; knows full name |
Social: |
Helps put things away; pretends in play |
36 MO |
Motor: |
Rides tricycle; stands momentarily on one foot |
Adaptive: |
Makes tower of 10 cubes; imitates construction of “bridge” of 3 cubes; copies circle; imitates cross |
Language: |
Knows age and sex; counts 3 objects correctly; repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables |
Social: |
Plays simple games (in “parallel” with other children); helps in dressing (unbuttons clothing and puts on shoes); washes hands |
48 MO |
Motor: |
Hops on one foot; throws ball overhand; uses scissors to cut out pictures; climbs well |
Adaptive: |
Copies bridge from model; imitates construction of “gate” of 5 cubes; copies cross and square; draws man with 2 to 4 parts besides head; identifies longer of 2 lines |
Language: |
Counts 4 pennies accurately; tells story |
Social: |
Plays with several children, with beginning of social interaction and role-playing;goes to toilet alone |
60 MO |
Motor: |
Skips |
Adaptive: |
Draws triangle from copy; names heavier of 2 weights |
Language: |
Names 4 colors; repeats sentence of 10 syllables; counts 10 pennies correctly |
Social: |
Dresses and undresses; asks questions about meaning of words; engages in domestic role-playing |